A Hybrid Beam Steering Free-Space and Fiber Based Optical Data Center Network

Wireless data center networks (DCNs) are promising solutions to mitigate the cabling complexity in traditional wired DCNs and potentially reduce the end-to-end latency with faster propagation speed in free space. Yet, physical architectures in wireless DCNs must be carefully designed regarding wireless link blockage, obstacle bypassing, path loss, interference and spatial efficiency in a dense deployment. This paper presents the physical layer design of a hybrid FSO/in-fiber DCN while guaranteeing an all-optical, single hop, non-oversubscribed and full-bisection bandwidth network. We propose two layouts and analyze their scalability: (1) A static network utilizing only tunable sources which can scale up to 43 racks, 15,609 nodes and 15,609 channels; and (2) a re-configurable network with both tunable sources and piezoelectric actuator (PZT) based beam-steering which can scale up to 8 racks, 2,904 nodes and 185,856 channels at millisecond PZT switching time. Based on a traffic generation framework and a dynamic wavelength-timeslot scheduling algorithm, the system-level network performance is simulated for a 363-node subnet, reaching $>\!\!99\%$ throughput and 1.23 $\mu$s average scheduler latency at 90% load.