Biological Pathways Associated with Vitamins in Autism Spectrum Disorder

被引:7
|
作者
Gusso, Darlan [1 ]
Prauchner, Gustavo Ricardo Krupp [1 ]
Rieder, Alessandra Schmitt [1 ]
Wyse, Angela T. S. [1 ]
机构
[1] Fed Univ Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS, Dept Biochem, Grad Program Biol Sci Biochem, Neuroprotect & Neurometab Dis Lab,Wyses Lab, Rua Ramiro Barcelos,2600 Anexo, BR-90035003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
关键词
Autism spectrum disorder; Central nervous system; Vit; B9; B12; Vit D; D DEFICIENCY; FOLATE; PREGNANCY; PLASTICITY; GENE; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIORS; NUTRITION; CHILDREN;
D O I
10.1007/s12640-023-00674-z
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by early-appearing social communication deficits, with genetic and environmental factors potentially playing a role in its etiology, which remains largely unknown. During pregnancy, certain deficiencies in critical nutrients are mainly associated with central nervous system impairment. The vitamin B9 (folate) is primarily related to one-carbon and methionine metabolism, participating in methyl donor generation. In addition, supplementation with folic acid (FA) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the first three gestational months to prevent neural tube defects. Vitamin B12 is related to folate regeneration, converting it into an active form. Deficiencies in this vitamin have a negative impact on cognitive function and brain development since it is involved in myelin synthesis. Vitamin D is intimately associated with Ca2+ levels, acting in bone development and calcium-dependent signaling. This vitamin is associated with ASD at several levels since it has a relation with ASD genes and oxidative stress environment. This review carries the recent literature about the role of folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D in ASD. In addition, we discuss the possible impact of nutrient deficiency or hypersupplementation during fetal development. On the other hand, we explore the biases of vitamin supplementation studies such as the loss of participants in retrospective studies, as well as multiple variants that are not considered in the conclusion, like dietary intake or auto-medication during pregnancy. In this regard, we aim to contribute to the discussion about the role of vitamins in ASD currency, but also in pregnancy and fetal development as well. Furthermore, stress during pregnancy can be an ASD predisposition, with cortisol as a regulator. In this view, we propose that cortisol is the bridge of susceptibility between vitamin disorders and ASD prevalence.
引用
收藏
页码:730 / 740
页数:11
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