Role of 131I in low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most frequent endocrine neoplasm, with an incidence that has increased in recent decades. Papillary carcinoma is the most frequent histological subtype and a large number of cases are related to tumors of small size and with little clinical repercussion that are detected incidentally or as a consequence of the availability of diagnostic techniques. Due to the "good prognosis" of the majority of cases, for years the approach to these patients has remained controversial, especially in relation to two basic aspects of the therapeutic protocol: surgery and the administration of radioiodine. While in metastatic and high-risk patients, the administration of 131I therapy is widely accepted, in intermediate-low risk patients its use is highly questioned. Here we review the available evidence on radioiodine therapy in low-risk patients. & COPY; 2022 Sociedad Espanola de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.