Adsorptive recovery of volatile fatty acids from wastewater fermentation broth

This work developed an adsorptive separation and recovery process for anaerobically generated volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from swine wastewater fermentation. Batch adsorption studies were conducted using several weak anion exchange resins and synthetic adsorbent resins to identify a suitable candidate. Relite RAM2 with a tertiary amine functional group showed the highest adsorption (over 98%) of hexanoic acid. Under the different pH values (1.8-7.5) and extraction temperatures (30-50 degrees C), the highest adsorption was observed at a pH of 3.2, which is below the pKa of hexanoic acid, at all the evaluated temperatures. A full factorial design was used to optimize the resin and VFA concentrations, wherein over 99% adsorption could be achieved when the ratio of VFA to resin was below 0.23 (g/g) for model solution (VFAs in water). The adsorption equilibrium could be achieved within 30 min of contact time and 0.5% w/v NaOH was identified as a suitable desorption agent. Under the optimal conditions, 65-72% of VFAs present in fermentation broth was adsorbed, which was increased to 72-76% by using fresh resins. The VFAs adsorption and recovery efficiency were maintained for 9 successive cycles without requiring extensive resin washing and regeneration for both model solution and fermentation broth. Overall, the work presents a comprehensive study for resin adsorption to recover VFAs and provides a potential industrial-relevant process to recover VFAs from fermentation broth.