Effect of Selenium-Enriched Substrate on the Chemical Composition, Mineral Bioavailability, and Yield of Edible Mushrooms

Mushrooms absorb minerals from substrates in which they are cultivated, so they could be used as vehicles of minerals that are deficient in human or animal diets, such as selenium. Selenium deficiency aggravates cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and intestinal cancer. This work presents the latest discoveries related to the production of edible mushrooms in selenium-enriched substrates and discusses their use as an alternative to supply the deficiency of this mineral in human and animal diets. Selenized mushrooms and their derived extracts present bioaccessible and bioavailable forms of selenium, as antioxidant and antitumor activity, as demonstrated in various in vitro and in vivo experiments. Consequently, the consumption of these mushrooms reduces the levels of blood cholesterol and glucose. On the other hand, growing mushrooms in selenium-enriched substrates may alter the yield and their chemical composition, and this lack of standardization is still an obstacle to the scale up of the production process. On the other hand, the use of agro-industrial by-products as substrates can enable the cultivation of enriched edible mushrooms and their commercialization.