Efficiency enhancement of perovskite solar cell devices utilizing MXene and TiO2 as an electron transport layer

In the rapid growth of perovskite solar cells, there are still specific issues regarding the extensive absorption of incident photons. Double-layered methyl ammonium (MA)-free perovskite solar cells (PSC) have been proposed to sort out these issues. The material absorber in solar cells based on MA-free and cesium-based perovskite, i.e., Cs2BiAgI6, is a critical parameter because of its non-volatile nature as well as its band gap of 1.6 eV being helpful in a broader visible absorption spectrum than the conventional CH3NH3PbI3 material. Moreover, the quantum efficiency (QE) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) in a configuration with MXene + TiO2 as the electron transport layer (ETL) in the PSC can make improvements over a more extensive range. The results of the current modeling of numerical simulations are used to investigate the exclusive optoelectrical outputs of the PSC. Furthermore, we use a novel approach of an ETL of MXene + TiO2 in a PSC, which will lower the manufacturing cost and defectiveness. The present work compares different ETLs to attain the best PCE using Cs2BiAgI6 as a perovskite absorber layer (PAL). The results are exciting as the highest open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.48 V, high short current density (JSC) of 22.8 mA cm-2, with a high fill factor (FF) of nearly 84.6% in the double-layered PSC offer a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of more than 28%. The designed outputs will be efficient for the convenient fabrication of the PSC.