Automated machine learning approach for developing a quantitative structure-activity relationship model for cardiac steroid inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase

Background Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling is a method of characterizing the relationship between chemical structures and biological activity. Automated machine learning enables computers to learn from large datasets and can be used for chemoinformatics. Cardiac steroids (CSs) inhibit the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) in several species, including humans, since the binding pocket in which NKA binds to CSs is highly conserved. CSs are used to treat heart disease and have been developed into anticancer drugs for use in clinical trials. Novel CSs are, therefore, frequently synthesized and their activities evaluated. The purpose of this study is to develop a QSAR model via automated machine learning to predict the potential inhibitory activity of compounds without performing experiments.Methods The chemical structures and inhibitory activities of 215 CS derivatives were obtained from the scientific literature. Predictive QSAR models were constructed using molecular descriptors, fingerprints, and biological activities.Results The best predictive QSAR models were selected based on the LogLoss value. Using these models, the Matthews correlation coefficient, F1 score, and area under the curve of the test dataset were 0.6729, 0.8813, and 0.8812, respectively. Next, we showed automated construction of the predictive models for CS derivatives, which may be useful for identifying novel CSs suitable for candidate drug development.Conclusion The automated machine learning-based QSAR method developed here should be applicable for the time-efficient construction of predictive models using only a small number of compounds.