The influence of deviant peer association on dual systems model development: the protective role of resistance to peer influence

Little research has examined the relevance of peer influences for impacting development of dual systems model constructs and examined protective factors in these relationships among adolescents (Ages: 14-26; similar to 86% male). This study examined the relevance of deviant peer association for predicting development of sensation-seeking and impulse control and the moderating role of resistance to peer influence. The Pathways to Desistance data were analyzed. Mixed effects models examined the direct effect of deviant peer association on impulse control and sensation-seeking and determine whether resistance to peer influence moderated these relationships. Findings indicated that greater deviant peer association was associated with increased sensation-seeking and lower impulse control. Resistance to peer influence buffered the effects of deviant peer association on impulse control, as indicated by a significant and negative coefficient. Additional analyses indicated that this moderation effect was only relevant at lower levels of deviant peer association. Moderation was not observed for sensation-seeking.