Regulation of Shh/Bmp4 Signaling Pathway by DNA Methylation in Rectal Nervous System Development of Fetal Rats with Anorectal Malformation

Objective: To study the influence of gene methylation in the Shh/Bmp4 signaling pathway on the enteric nervous system in the rectum of rat embryos with anorectal malformations (ARMs).Methods: Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups; two groups treated with either ethylene thiourea (ETU induce ARM) or ETU+5-azacitidine (5-azaC inhibit DNA methylation) and a normal control group. The levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b), the methyl-ation status of the Shh gene promoter region and the expression of the key components were detected by PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting.Results: The expression of DNMTs in the rectal tissue of the ETU and ETU+5-azaC groups was higher than that of the control. The expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a and methylation level of the Shh gene promoter in the ETU group was higher than in the ETU+5-azaC group (P < 0.01). The methylation level of the Shh gene promoter was higher in the ETU+5-azaC group than in the control. The Shh and Bmp4 expression in the ETU and ETU+5-azaC groups were lower than in the control, and their expression in the ETU group was also lower than in the ETU+5-azaC group.Conclusion: The methylation status of genes in the rectum of the ARM rat model may be changed by intervention. The low methylation level of the Shh gene may promote the expression of key Shh/Bmp4 signaling pathway components.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.