Digital Health Solutions for Community-Based Control of Diabetes During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Implementation Outcomes

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has added to the pre-existing challenges of diabetes management in many countries. It has accelerated the wider use of digital health solutions which have tremendous potential to improve health outcomes for people with diabetes. However, little is known about the attributes and the implementation of these solutions. Objective: To identify and describe digital health solutions for community-based diabetes management and to highlight their key implementation outcomes. Methods: We searched Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science for relevant articles. A purposive search was also used to identify grey literature. Articles that described digital health solutions that aimed to improve community-based diabetes management were included in this review. We applied a thematic synthesis of evidence to describe the characteristics of digital health solutions, and to summarize their key implementation outcomes. Results: We included 15 articles that reported digital health solutions that primarily focused on community-based diabetes management. Nine of the 15 innovations involved were mobile applications and/or web-based platforms, and five were based on social media platforms. The majority of the digital health solutions were used for diabetes education and support. High engagement, utilization, and satisfaction rates with digital health solutions were observed. The use of digital health solutions was also associated with improvement in self-management, taking medication, and reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Conclusion: COVID-19 triggered digital health solutions have tremendous potential to improve health outcomes for people with diabetes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the sustainability and scale-up of these solutions.