The role of community-level characteristics in comparing United States hospital performance by magnet designation: A propensity score matched study

Aims To assess the impact of community-level characteristics on the role of magnet designation in relation to hospital value-based purchasing quality scores, as health disparities associated with geographical location could confound hospitals' ability to meet outcome metrics. Design This cross-sectional study was carried out between October 2021 and March 2022 using data from 2016 to 2021. Methods Propensity score analysis was used to match hospital and community-level characteristics, implementing nearest neighbour matching to adjust for pre-treatment differences between magnet and non-magnet hospitals to account for multi-level differences. Secondary data were obtained from all operational acute-care facilities in the United States that participated in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' hospital value-based purchasing (HVBP) program. Dependent variables were the four value-based purchasing domains that comprise the Total Performance Score (TPS; Clinical Care, Person and Community Engagement, Safety, and Efficiency and Cost Reduction). Results Magnet hospitals had increased odds for better scores in the HVBP domains of Clinical Care and Person and Community Engagement, and decreased odds for having better Safety. However, no statistically significant difference was found for the Efficiency domain or the TPS. Conclusion Measuring performance equitably across organizations of various sizes serving diverse communities remains a key factor in ensuring distributive justice. Analysing the TPS components can identify complex influences of community-level characteristics not evident at the composite level. More research is needed where community and nurse-level factors may indirectly affect patient safety. Impact This study's findings on the role of community contexts can inform policymakers designing value-based care programs and healthcare management administrators deliberating on magnet certification investments across diverse community settings. No patient or public contribution For this study of US hospitals' organizational performance, we did not engage members of the patient population nor the general public. However, the multi-disciplinary research team does include diverse perspectives.