Multi-criteria optimization for sustainability-based design of reinforced concrete frame buildings

This paper implements the multi-criteria design optimization of three-dimensional reinforced concrete frame building structures, considering aspects such as the realistic design of the elements, including foundations within the structural assembly, or considering the soil-structure interaction. The criteria for a more comprehensive sustainable approach are related to environmental, constructive, and durability aspects. The environmental factor is measured through CO2 emissions, considering its capture due to concrete carbonation. The use of multiobjective strategies is evident in solving the multi-criteria problem. Still, it is also proposed to formulate this problem with a single function containing all the criteria to solve it as a single-objective optimization problem. Strategies are also offered to perform multi-objective optimization based on Kriging metamodels. Several alternatives for multi-criteria decision-making are explored. The results show that multi-objective metamodelbased optimization is a good strategy for solving this problem. Alternatively, the results of the single-objective optimization of the multi-criteria problem are very satisfactory. The solutions obtained are analyzed according to the type of optimization and the decision-making criteria. Optimized solutions significantly improve the sustainability indexes compared to traditional design. Multi-criteria optimization contributes significantly to achieving these indexes. Therefore, the proposed methodology allows for the sustainable design of any reinforced concrete frame structure. It highlights the importance of integrating more encompassing formulations and advanced optimization techniques into traditional design procedures to adopt cleaner production practices in the construction sector. Finally, several promising lines of research are presented.