Fuzzy Markov-EPO: an energy management scheme for the integration of hybrid RES with DC microgrid

Due to the intermittent character of renewable energy resources, there is a need for the storage unit to supply energy to the direct current microgrid. It is also important that the storage unit schedule the energy demanded by the load with the reduction in the power loss. Scheduling is the major task faced by the storage unit since it requires a special optimization for the charging and discharging of energy. This paper proposes a fuzzy Markov-emperor penguin optimization-based multi-objective optimal solution for direct current microgrid energy management problems with hybrid energy sources and energy storage systems. Battery packs and superconducting magnetic energy storage are used as the storage system, reducing the delay between the transition of charging and discharging modes. The proposed work is implemented on the MATLAB/Simulink platform, and when comparing the simulation results, 15.45% of operating cost is reduced from the hybrid optimization approaches.