A systematic review and comparison of liquid-based cooling system for lithium-ion batteries

The battery thermal management system (BTMS) is arguably the main component providing essential protection for the security and service performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As a major category of BTMS, the liquid-based technique has been extensively analyzed and reviewed due to its high heat transfer efficiency and good thermal stability. Since the multi-dimensional characteristics should be considered in BTMS design, a diversified evaluation criteria for various types of liquid-based BTMS is essential. Besides, the multi-objective optimization design is necessary to sufficiently exploit the overall system performance. However, the multi-objective opti-mization process and unified evaluation system have not been well refined and summarized. In this paper, the existing liquid-based systems are systematically summarized and analyzed according to the specific classifica-tion. To facilitate the system design of various objectives, a general framework of multi-optimization method-ology are concluded. Another contribution is that we try to construct a unified and comprehensive evaluation of variety liquid-cooled BTMS. Several typical liquid-based BTMSs are reconstructed and simulated numerically under the same conditions, then comprehensively evaluated by five indicators from different aspects. In general, the unified evaluation criteria is conducted to provide references for future BTMS design, and more dimensions are desired to be introduced for extensively application.