Forced convection analysis of Williamson-based magnetized hybrid nanofluid flow through a porous medium: Nonsimilar modeling

The purpose of this work is to analyze the convective horizontal flow of Williamson-based magnetized hybrid nanofluid. The flow of Williamson fluid with heat transfer is stimulated in a porous media over a stretching surface. Two different type of nanoparticles such as, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and copper (Cu) with engine oil (Eo) as base fluid are considered in this work. The convective flow of Williamson fluid is inspected based on Khanefer model. The governing system is transformed into nondimensionalized partial differential equations (PDE's) by utilizing nonsimilar transformation. The transformed system is analytically approximated using local nonsimilarity (LNS) and perturbation approach which approximate the nondimensional PDE's by nondimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The LNS and perturbation ODEs are simulated utilizing finite difference-based algorithm bvp4c. The outcomes of simulation for heat transfer and convective flow over stretching surface incorporating the evolvement with local Nusselt number (Nu) for distinct values of prandtl number are compared with previous published numerical results. The appropriate range of governing nondimensionalized parameters is evaluated to detect the variance of physical quantities namely, velocity (f '(eta)) of the fluid, temperature (theta '(eta)) of the fluid, co-efficient of local Nusselt number (Nu) and co-efficient of local skin friction (Cf). The percentage difference between single nano-fluid and hybrid nano-fluids is made which are given in tabular form. To the best of author knowledge, nonosimilar study of hybrid-based magnetized Williamson nanofluid is not yet investigated. This work is anticipated to offer crucial information for the implementation of innovative heat transfer devices in the future and serve as an invaluable resource for researchers looking at the flow of nanofluids under various assumptions.