A Coordinated Multi-Energy Trading Framework for Strategic Hydrogen Provider in Electricity and Hydrogen Markets

This paper proposes a multi-energy trading framework for a hybrid-renewable-to-H-2 provider (HP) to coordinate the interaction and trading of electricity and H-2 while promoting the efficient accommodation of renewable energy resources (RESs). In this framework, the HP can harvest hybrid RESs for green H-2 production based on electrochemical effects of biomass electrolysis, and procure stacked profits from both the electricity and H-2 markets by the flexibility of electricity-H-2 conversion. A Vickrey auction-based pricing mechanism is developed to determine the trading price and quantity of H-2 while eliciting truthful offers and bids in a competitive H-2 market. Then, a single-leader-multiple-follower Stackelberg game with an iterative solution algorithm is formulated to capture the interactions between the H-2 auctioneer and hydrogen fueling stations (HFSs) for achieving the win-win goal. Furthermore, a hybrid-renewable-to-H-2 production and control method is proposed for the HP to raise the production efficiency of green H-2 and suppress large fluctuations in electrolysis current caused by RES uncertainties. Comparative studies have validated the superiority of the proposed methodology on economic performance and RES accommodation.