A comprehensive review on perovskite and its functional composites in smart textiles: Progress, challenges, opportunities, and future directions

Smart textiles are composed of multi-structured functional materials capable of producing sensory responses and energy in response to environmental, chemical and physical stimuli, making them well suited for the smart diagnosis of light, real-time and on the body point of care with proactive Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity. This comprehensive review emphasizes various critical aspects such as perovskite synthesis, fiber manufacturing, composite preparation, optimization, characterization techniques, scalable strategies and intelligent textile integration, which techni-cally leads to smart textile progress. Specific developments in intelligent materials, in particular perovskite, and its functional composites and its crucial contribution to the manufacture of self-powered functional devices for humans with sustainably worn sensors, energy harvesters, energy storage, optoelectronics, diagnosis, self-care therapies, have been systematically reviewed. We provide a critical analysis of the latest advancements in the field of perovskite materials, intel-ligent textile manufacturing, stability, durability and comfort, as well as its scalability and real-time integration challenges. Finally, this review provides an important insight into the recent breakthroughs, current bottlenecks, opportunities, and future directions of smart textiles in the IoT, artificial intelligence, and smart technology-driven applications.