The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Observations and Timing of 68 Millisecond Pulsars

被引：177

作者：

Agazie, Gabriella ^{[1
]}

Alam, Md Faisal ^{[2
,3
]}

Anumarlapudi, Akash ^{[1
]}

Archibald, Anne M. ^{[4
]}

Arzoumanian, Zaven ^{[5
]}

Baker, Paul T. ^{[6
]}

Blecha, Laura ^{[7
]}

Bonidie, Victoria ^{[2
,8
,9
]}

Brazier, Adam ^{[10
,11
,12
]}

Brook, Paul R. ^{[13
,14
]}

Burke-Spolaor, Sarah ^{[15
,16
]}

Becsy, Bence ^{[17
]}

Chapman, Christopher ^{[2
]}

Charisi, Maria ^{[18
]}

Chatterjee, Shami ^{[10
,11
]}

Cohen, Tyler ^{[19
]}

Cordes, James M. ^{[10
,11
]}

Cornish, Neil J. ^{[20
]}

Crawford, Fronefield ^{[2
]}

Cromartie, H. Thankful ^{[10
,11
]}

Crowter, Kathryn ^{[21
]}

DeCesar, Megan E. ^{[22
]}

Demorest, Paul B. ^{[23
]}

Dolch, Timothy ^{[24
,25
]}

Drachler, Brendan ^{[26
,27
]}

Ferrara, Elizabeth C. ^{[28
,29
,30
]}

Fiore, William ^{[15
,16
]}

Fonseca, Emmanuel ^{[15
,16
]}

Freedman, Gabriel E. ^{[1
]}

Garver-Daniels, Nate ^{[15
,16
]}

Gentile, Peter A. ^{[15
,16
]}

Glaser, Joseph ^{[15
,16
]}

Good, Deborah C. ^{[31
,32
]}

Gueltekin, Kayhan ^{[33
]}

Hazboun, Jeffrey S. ^{[17
]}

Jennings, Ross J. ^{[15
,16
]}

Jessup, Cody ^{[20
,24
]}

Johnson, Aaron D. ^{[1
,34
]}

Jones, Megan L. ^{[1
]}

Kaiser, Andrew R. ^{[15
,16
]}

Kaplan, David L. ^{[1
]}

Kelley, Luke Zoltan ^{[35
]}

Kerr, Matthew ^{[36
]}

Key, Joey S. ^{[37
]}

Kuske, Anastasia ^{[38
]}

Laal, Nima ^{[17
]}

Lam, Michael T. ^{[26
,27
]}

Lamb, William G. ^{[18
]}

W. Lazio, T. Joseph W. ^{[39
]}

Lewandowska, Natalia ^{[40
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Dept Phys, Ctr Gravitat Cosmol & Astrophys, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA

[2] Franklin Marshall Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA

[3] Dept Phys, 1110 West Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[4] Newcastle Univ, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England

[5] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[6] Widener Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, One Univ Pl, Chester, PA 19013 USA

[7] Univ Florida, Phys Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA

[8] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, 3941 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA

[9] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Particle Phys Astrophys & Cosmol Ctr P, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA

[10] Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[11] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[12] Cornell Univ, Cornell Ctr Adv Comp, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[13] Univ Birmingham, Inst Gravitat Wave Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, England

[14] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, England

[15] West Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA

[16] West Virginia Univ, Ctr Gravitat Waves & Cosmol, Chestnut Ridge Res Bldg, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA

[17] Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[18] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2301 Vanderbilt Pl, Nashville, TN 37235 USA

[19] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA

[20] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA

[21] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T IZ1, Canada

[22] George Mason Univ, Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA

[23] Natl Radio Astron Observ, 1003 Lopezville Rd, Socorro, NM 87801 USA

[24] Hillsdale Coll, Dept Phys, Coll St, 33 E Coll St, Hillsdale, MI 49242 USA

[25] Eureka Sci, 2452 Delmer St,Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602 USA

[26] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14623 USA

[27] Rochester Inst Technol, Lab Multiwavelength Astrophys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA

[28] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[29] NASA, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[30] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[31] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, 196 Auditorium Rd,U 3046, Storrs, CT 06269 USA

[32] Flatiron Inst, Ctr Computat Astrophys, 162 5th Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA

[33] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[34] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[35] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 501 Campbell Hall 3411, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[36] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA

[37] Univ Washington Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, WA 98011 USA

[38] Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphysik HISKP, Nussallee 14-16, D-53115 Bonn, Germany

[39] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

[40] SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Phys, Oswego, NY 13126 USA

[41] Phys & Astron Dept, 3047 Phys Bldg,900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA

[42] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada

[43] Green Bank Observ, POB 2, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA

[44] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[45] Univ Pacific, Dept Phys, 3601 Pacific Ave, Stockton, CA 95211 USA

[46] Univ Hull, Milne Ctr Astrophys, Cottingham Rd, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, England

[47] Univ Hull, Ctr Excellence Data Sci, Artificial Intelligence & Modelling DAIM, Cottingham Rd, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, England

[48] Curtin Univ, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia

[49] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA

[50] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | 2023年 / 951卷 / 01期

基金：

英国科学技术设施理事会; 美国国家科学基金会; 美国国家航空航天局; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;

关键词：

RELATIVISTIC CELESTIAL MECHANICS; GEOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; BINARY-SYSTEMS; TIME; SEARCH; DISCOVERY; PACKAGE; PROJECT; MASS;

D O I：

10.3847/2041-8213/acda9a

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We present observations and timing analyses of 68 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) comprising the 15 yr data set of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav). NANOGrav is a pulsar timing array (PTA) experiment that is sensitive to low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). This is NANOGrav's fifth public data release, including both "narrowband" and "wideband" time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements and corresponding pulsar timing models. We have added 21 MSPs and extended our timing baselines by 3 yr, now spanning nearly 16 yr for some of our sources. The data were collected using the Arecibo Observatory, the Green Bank Telescope, and the Very Large Array between frequencies of 327 MHz and 3 GHz, with most sources observed approximately monthly. A number of notable methodological and procedural changes were made compared to our previous data sets. These improve the overall quality of the TOA data set and are part of the transition to new pulsar timing and PTA analysis software packages. For the first time, our data products are accompanied by a full suite of software to reproduce data reduction, analysis, and results. Our timing models include a variety of newly detected astrometric and binary pulsar parameters, including several significant improvements to pulsar mass constraints. We find that the time series of 23 pulsars contain detectable levels of red noise, 10 of which are new measurements. In this data set, we find evidence for a stochastic GW background.

引用

页数：78

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