Biodesalination Research Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis and Recent Developments

Due to rising population and industrialization, two-thirds of the world's population may suffer water scarcity by 2025. Biodesalination is a promising sustainable practice targeting salt removal from seawater by micro-organisms, using lower energy consumption and resulting in less environmental impact. This study examined the evolution of biodesalination from 2007 to 2022 by applying bibliometric analysis. A scoping review was also conducted through content analysis of biodesalination publications. Using the Scopus database, the research trends, major contributors in the field, and recent advancements were identified. The study investigated a total of 80 peer-reviewed journal articles in the field of biodesalination. Results of the bibliometric analysis revealed that publications peaked in 2022 and citations in 2021, with values of 14 and 473, respectively. Results also revealed that the research trend in biodesalination is leaning towards the use of microbial desalination cells. Furthermore, advancements in the field focused on enhancing the nutrient medium to yield better growth rates for algae and cyanobacteria and improve desalination efficiencies to up to 40%. Other modifications focused on introducing microbial strains with increased salinity tolerance. Finally, an outline of future research potential was presented, focusing on nutrient medium modifications, specifically the substitution of chloride and sodium salts in the medium with nitrate and potassium minerals.