Steam oxidation properties of graphene reinforced bioinspired laminated CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy matrix composites at 1000 °C

Laminated CoCrFeNiMn high -entropy alloy (HEA) matrix composites reinforced with 1.0 wt% graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were fabricated by mechanical ball milling and flake powder metallurgy, and were isothermal oxidized at 1000 degrees C for 100 h. Vacuum hot -pressure sintering (VHPS) shows a distinct nacre structure with the microstructure composed of FCC matrix phase, Cr23C6, CrMn1.5O4 precipitated phases, numerous dislocations and twins. High -temperature oxidation tests showed that the composites had mass gains at 12 h intervals from 12 to 100 h respectively. The oxidation kinetic curve changes from a linear pattern in the early stages to an exponential pattern in the later stages, which demonstrates better long-term oxidation resistance. The anisotropy of the laminated structure results in excellent resistance to high -temperature steam oxidation in the vertical lamellar direction. Observation of the cross-section reveals that although Cr2O3 (inner layer) is present, (Mn, Cr) 3O4 and Mn3O4 are the dominant oxides (outer layer). Elemental depletion zones for Mn and Cr exist in the region of the matrix near the oxide scales. The results show that the oxidation resistance of the laminated GNPs/ CoCrFeNiMn composites is mainly influenced by the diffusion of Mn and Cr elements, the microstructure of the laminations and the internal oxidation.