Effective electrochemical sensor by using silver doped TiO2 nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode for determination of dicapthon pesticide in agricultural food

The goal of this study was to synthesize the modified glassy carbon electrode with silver-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (Ag-TiO2/GCE) by the electrodeposition method, and to investigate the electrochemical behavior of this modified electrode as a dicapthon pesticide sensor in agricultural food. Studies using SEM, XPS, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy indicated successful electrodeposition of TiO2 nanoparticles on the electrode surface, as well as the introduction of Ag as a dopant in the TiO2 structure. The voltammetric analysis revealed high sensitivity and outstanding electrocatalytic activity towards dicapthon electrochemical reactions; the electrode demonstrated a linear correlation between the current and dicapthon concentration in the range of 1 to 165 mu g/mL, with a sensitivity of 0.67654 mu A/mu g. mL(-1) and a detection limit of 0.005 mu g/mL. Ag's synergistic effect on the TiO2 structure improves electron transport, electrocatalytic activity, and selectivity of the dicapthon sensor. Using prepared cabbage samples, the electrode's practicality was assessed. The results demonstrated satisfactory recoveries with a range of 96.00-98.42% and a relative standard deviation of 3.19-4.52%. These findings suggested that accurate dicapthon analysis in real-world samples can be accomplished using Ag-TiO2/GCE.