The role of the type VI secretion system in the stress resistance of plant-associated bacteria

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a powerful bacterial molecular weapon that can inject effector proteins into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, thereby participating in the competition between bacteria and improving bacterial environmental adaptability. Although most current studies of the T6SS have focused on animal bacteria, this system is also significant for the adaptation of plant-associated bacteria. This paper briefly introduces the structure and biological functions of the T6SS. We summarize the role of plant-associated bacterial T6SS in adaptability to host plants and the external environment, including resistance to biotic stresses such as host defenses and competition from other bacteria. We review the role of the T6SS in response to abiotic factors such as acid stress, oxidation stress, and osmotic stress. This review provides an important reference for exploring the functions of the T6SS in plant-associated bacteria. In addition, characterizing these anti-stress functions of the T6SS may provide new pathways toward eliminating plant pathogens and controlling agricultural losses.