Individualized treatment in anesthesiology and intensive care medicine

Background: Individualized medicine uses data on biological characteristics of individual patients in order to tailor treatment planning to their unique constitution. With respect to the practice of anesthesiology and intensive care medicine, it bears the potential to systematize the often complex medical care of critically ill patients and to improve outcomes.Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the possible applications of the principles of individualized medicine in anesthesiology and intensive care medicine.Material and methods: Based on a search in MEDLINE, CENTRAL and Google Scholar, the results of previous studies and systematic reviews are narratively synthesized and the implications for the scientific and clinical practice are presented.Results and discussion: There are possibilities for individualization and an increase in precision of patient care in most if not all problems in anesthesiology and symptoms in intensive medical care. Even now, all practicing physicians can initiate measures to individualize treatment at different timepoints throughout the course of treatment. Individualized medicine can supplement and be integrated into protocols. Plans for future applications of individualized medicine interventions should consider the feasibility in a real-world setting. Clinical studies should contain process evaluations in order to create ideal preconditions for a successful implementation. Quality management, audits and feedback should become a standard procedure to ensure sustainability. In the long run, individualization of care, especially in the critically ill, should be enshrined in guidelines and become an integral part of clinical practice.