The public consultation is open: Insights from urban green infrastructure planning in Romania

Due to its potential to help mitigate current societal challenges and provide ecological, social, and economic benefits, urban green infrastructure (UGI) is an important investment for cities. However, its planning and implementation may be challenging due to the limited application of the conceptual foundations and the oftenunknown character of the ways how the results of public consultations were integrated into the implemented UGI design. Using five Romanian urban areas as model system, we developed an evaluation protocol to assess 177 written comments submitted during the public consultation processes for 13 public UGI planning documents, along with the formal responses to these comments. Our results show critical comments towards the planning proposals (86.2 % of the comments) and a discussion of the shortcomings of the planning process (60.8 % of the comments). The analysis revealed that the UGI as it is developed and implemented currently in Romania has little public support as in 52.2 % of the comments none of UGI planning principles could be identified. Furthermore, we found a relatively low level of public comment consideration into the approved version of the planning documents as only 7.6 % of the comments were included, most of them being delegitimized by the responses of public officials/municipal administration. Thus, our results highlight that UGI consultation process is characterized by a lack of both genuine conceptual aspects and public participation substance.