Food security in sub-Sahara Africa: Exploring the nexus between nutrition, innovation, circular economy, and climate change

Worldwide food security requires a primary focus on resources towards quality nutritious consumption, agriculture food innovation development, reuse and recycling of food waste, and a strong climate change mitigation strategy. However, this effort is impossible for Sub-Saharan African (SSA) nations to achieve. This study investigates the relationship between nutrition, innovation, circular economy, and climate change and their effect on household food security. The studies used fixed and random effect modeling to analyze the impact using 2001-2020 panel data from the World Development Indicators (WDI). Data robustness techniques such as the cross-sectional dependency test, unit root test, cointegration test, granger causality test, and Hausman's test were applied to assist in the analysis and interpretation. The result indicates that nutrition and circular economy positively affect household food security and bidirectional policy implementation. Agriculture and food innovation also positively affect food security with a unidirectional approach. At the same time, climate change impedes household quest to achieve food security with an inverse policy direction. Policy implications are outlined for household food security promotion.