Risks Associated With Undiagnosed ADHD and/or Autism: A Mixed-Method Systematic Review

被引:10
|
作者
French, Blandine [1 ,7 ]
Daley, David [5 ,6 ]
Groom, Madeleine [2 ,3 ]
Cassidy, Sarah [4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Nottingham, Nottingham, England
[2] Univ Nottingham, Sch Med, Appl Dev Cognit Neurosci, Nottingham, England
[3] Univ Nottingham, Inst Mental Hlth, Nottingham, England
[4] Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham, England
[5] Nottingham Trent Univ, Psychol Intervent & Knowledge Exchange, Nottingham, England
[6] Nottingham Trent Univ, Appl Psychol Practice, Sch Social Sci, Nottingham, England
[7] Univ Nottingham, Inst Mental Hlth, Sch Med, Acad Unit Mental Hlth & Clin Neurosci, Yang Fujiya room B15, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG8 1BB, England
关键词
ADHD; autism; ASD; systematic review; undiagnosed; undetected; ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY-DISORDER; DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; SPECTRUM DISORDER; ADULT ADHD; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-ADULTS; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; HEALTH;
D O I
10.1177/10870547231176862
中图分类号
B844 [发展心理学(人类心理学)];
学科分类号
040202 ;
摘要
Background: The two most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism (ASD)-(ASD/ADHD) strongly impact individuals' functions. This is worsened when individuals are undiagnosed and risks such as increased imprisonments, depression or drug misuse are often observed. This systematic review synthesizes the risks associated with late/undiagnosed ASD/ADHD. Methods: Four databases were searched (Medline, Scopus, PsychInfor, and Embase). Published studies exploring the impact of undiagnosed ASD/ADHD were included. Exclusion criteria included, lack of diagnosis status, studies not solely on ASD or ADHD, gray literature and studies not in English. The findings were summarize through a narrative synthesis. Results: Seventeen studies were identified, 14 on ADHD and three on ASD. The narrative synthesis identified three main themes: (1) Health, (2) Offending behavior, and (3) Day-to-day impact. The risks highlighted a significant impact on mental wellbeing and social interactions, higher risks of substance abuse, accidents and offending behavior as well as lower levels of income and education. Discussion: The findings suggest that undiagnosed ASD/ADHD is linked to many risks and negative outcomes affecting individuals, their families, and the wider society. The restricted number of studies on ASD are a limitation to the generalization of these findings Implications for research and practice are discussed, highlighting the importance of screening and acknowledging the possibility of ASD/ADHD in many settings such as psychiatric and forensic.
引用
收藏
页码:1393 / 1410
页数:18
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