Positivity and discretization of Fredholm integral operators

We provide sufficient conditions for vector-valued Fredholm integral operators and their commonly used spatial discretizations to be positive in terms of an order relation induced by a corresponding order cone. It turns out that reasonable Nystrom methods preserve positivity. Among the projection methods, persistence is obtained for the simplest ones based on polynomial, piecewise linear or specific cubic interpolation (collocation), as well as for piecewise constant basis functions in a Bubnov-Galerkin approach. However, for semi-discretizations using quadratic splines or sinc-collocation we demonstrate that positivity is violated. Our results are illustrated in terms of eigenpairs for Krein-Rutman operators and form the basis of corresponding investigations for nonlinear integral operators.(c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.