Hybrid variable monitoring: An unsupervised process monitoring framework with binary and continuous variables

Traditional process monitoring methods, such as PCA, PLS, ICA, MD et al., are strongly dependent on continuous variables because most of them inevitably involve Euclidean or Mahalanobis distance. With industrial processes becoming more and more complex and integrated, binary variables also appear in monitoring variables besides continuous variables, which makes process monitoring more challenging. The aforementioned traditional approaches are incompetent to mine the information of binary variables, so that the useful information contained in them is usually discarded during the data preprocessing. To solve the problem, this paper focuses on the issue of hybrid variable monitoring (HVM) and proposes a novel unsupervised framework of process monitoring with hybrid variables including continuous and binary variables. HVM is addressed in the probabilistic framework, which can effectively exploit the process information implicit in both continuous and binary variables at the same time. In HVM, the statistics and the monitoring strategy suitable for hybrid variables with only healthy state data are defined and the physical explanation behind the framework is elaborated. In addition, the estimation of parameters required in HVM is derived in detail and the detectable condition of the proposed method is analyzed. Finally, the superiority of HVM is fully demonstrated first on a numerical simulation and then on an actual case of a thermal power plant.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.