Applications of Nanoadsorbents for the Removal of Fluoride from Water: Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives

Fluoride has become a globally concerning pollutant due to its potential toxicity and negative health impacts. Adsorption has been regarded as the most promising approach for the elimination of fluoride contamination owing to its cost-effectiveness and high efficiency. Nanomaterials are excellent adsorbents for defluoridation due to their high specific surface area, high adsorption properties, and ease of self-assembly. However, there are still some challenges in the application of nanoadsorbents for wastewater treatment. Therefore, this review summarizes the research progress of nanoadsorbents for fluoride removal and develops a fundamental understanding of the structure and adsorption properties of nanoadsorbents in different dimensions. It studies the synergistic effects of different nano- components in adsorption capabilities. In addition, challenges related to the engineering applications of nanoadsorbents and some suggestions to address these issues are presented to promote their practical application prospects.