Experiences and Beliefs on Tobacco Use, Cessation in India: A Qualitative Study

Background: Almost 80% of global tobacco usage is concentrated in low- and-middle-income countries (LMICs) like India. Added to this, there is dearth of dedicated tobacco cessation specialist services in healthcare settings in these regions. Identification of challenges in the delivery of cessation interventions and understanding the experiences of tobacco users will aid in formulating successful quit strategies. Objectives: This qualitative study in India aimed to understand the perspectives of tobacco-using patients in healthcare facilities regarding tobacco use and cessation. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in urban and rural areas of four study sites, two each in the North and South India. Using purposive sampling, patients who were tobacco users were selected from healthcare facilities. The interviews were transcribed, coded and organised into themes. Analysis was done using NVivo 10 software. Results: A total of 22 in-depth interviews were conducted on participants aged 23 to 80 years who were either current or past tobacco users. A majority of the participants were aware of their increased health risks associated with tobacco consumption and had attempted quitting; however, barriers such as peer influence, formed habit, certain cultural barriers and the addictive nature of nicotine prevented them from successfully quitting. Familial and peer support, the government's role in spreading public awareness, and limiting the sale of tobacco were stated as facilitators for tobacco cessation. Conclusions: The findings of this study point out that despite awareness of the perils of tobacco among smokers, there are various barriers and beliefs related to tobacco use and cessation. These findings would prove advantageous for policy-makers to implement and promote addiction treatment programmes for successful tobacco cessation efforts. In order to optimise strategies, policies must be well informed by ongoing dialogue between the public, service providers and policy-makers.