Advanced Phase-Difference Estimation Algorithm Using Cross Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator for DERs Synchronization

As the penetration level of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) is increasing, the synchronization is mentioned as one of the main issues in DER. Incorrect synchronization can cause serious damage to electric facilities and additional power quality problems. To address this issue, IEEE 1547-2018 provides the requirements for stable synchronization of DER. In order to satisfy the international standard, the measurement algorithms used for synchronization play a significant role. As an estimation algorithm, Teager Energy Operator (TEO) is simple but effective for measuring the amplitude, frequency, and phase-difference of voltage waveforms. However, it has also some weaknesses of sensitivity to noise and lack of information about phase-difference. In this study, we present a solution to distinguish between leading and lagging and verify the performance of the advanced phase-difference estimation using TEO under harsh conditions containing harmonic noises.