Size Reduction, Multiband and Beamforming Features by Embedding Antennas in Distilled Water

In this work, the effects of embedding an antenna in a dielectric with high electrical permittivity (HEP) are extensively analyzed. The used antenna was a wire antenna originally designed for operating at 2.45 GHz, and the dielectric material used was Distilled Water (DW). By simulations and measures three important effects were found: i) a size reduction of approximately nine times, ii) the transformation of this antenna in a multiband antenna, and iii) variations in the radiation pattern that allow beamforming by changing the operation frequency. These three effects are important for the development of improved antennas. Through this paper the authors share detailed information, obtained by their own experience, on the manufacture of the embedded antenna, the simulation results and the measurements carried out that allowed verifying the three previously mentioned effects. These results are original contributions in an area where do no exist enough information about the use of this dielectric material for achieving these effects with this kind of antennas.