Silica nanoparticles obtained from rice husks in polymeric composites

The development of materials with applications of nanometric particles has reached considerable interest, because it improves the physical-mechanical properties of the composite, compared to composite materials where conventional micrometric-sized fillers have been used. In the particular case of nanocomposites with inorganic particles, it hasbeen shown that the properties of these materials will depend on the size and shape of the particles, as well as the type of polymer and/or the geometry of the samples, the dispersion of the nanoparticles on the matrix and/or the global sample. The main objective of this research is to provide conceptual and technical bases for the application of amorphous silica nanoparticles obtained from rice husks in a polymeric matrix. In the characterization of the material, physical-mechanical properties measured in the Instroms traction machine and rheological properties in the MDR 2000 Monsanto Rheometer. The results obtained show an enhancement in the physical-mechanical property of tensile and elongation modulus, almost twice the resistance to fracture and wear of the polymeric composite obtained from the rice husk compared to the composite from crystabolite rock. The observed rheometric curve of the composite obtained from rice husks shows better continuity at the end of the line, which reflects an improvement in the physical-mechanical properties of the composite, when subjected to extreme fatigue conditions when the material is experiencing reversion. The silica nanoparticles were obtained from the rice husk by leaching with acid digestion, using HCL at 15% v/v, to reduce the content of metals present and by combustion, at a controlled temperature, to obtain SiO2 crystals, finally grinding was applied to reduce the size. In this investigation to the synthesized nanoparticulas were carried out a characterization morfological applying diffraction of rays X (XRD), the leached biomass and without being leached was characterized for Espectroscopy of Laser (LIBS). In the characterization of the size of the nanoparticle, the D.L.S. dynamic light scattering method was applied, obtaining a particle size of 30 nm. This research yields satisfactory results in the application of this biomass in the preparation of polymeric material as a reinforcing filler.