Prognostic impact of guideline-directed medical therapy in patients with heart failure on regular hemodialysis

Background: Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (RASi) and 8-blocker provide prognostic benefits as guideline -directed medical therapy (GDMT) in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). How-ever, there is limited data for the favorable effects in such patients receiving regular hemodialysis. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of RASi and 8-blocker in patients with HFrEF who receive regular hemodialysis.Methods: In this retrospective, single-center, observational study, from 2110 consecutive patients hospitalized for HF and who survived to discharge, 97 with HFrEF who received regular hemodialysis were included for analysis. They were classified into three groups according to prescribed medication at discharge following index hospi-talization: both RASi and 8-blocker (Dual-GDMT group: n = 55), either RASi or 8-blocker (Mono-GDMT group: n = 34), and neither RASi nor 8-blocker (No-GDMT group: n = 8). The primary endpoint was a composite of all -cause death and rehospitalization for heart failure.Results: The mean age was 66 years and 79% of the patients were men. During the median follow-up of 501 days, the primary endpoint occurred in 43 patients (44%). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the Dual-GDMT group had the lowest rates of the primary endpoint (log-rank test for trend: p < 0.001). Even after adjustment for diverse covariates (multivariate Cox regression), the Dual-GDMT (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.04, 95% confidence in-terval (CI): 0.005-0.32) and Mono-GDMT (HR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.50) groups had better prognoses than the No-GDMT group.Conclusions: The prescription of RASi and/or 8-blocker was associated with a lower adverse-event rate after discharge in patients with HFrEF who were on regular hemodialysis.