Synergistic phosphate fertilizer effects on soil nutrient and microbial diversity in wheat

In this experiment, itaconic acid, maleic acid, acrylic acid, and potassium persulfate were polymerized to form synergist, which was wrapped on the surface of phosphate fertilizer particles to make synergistic phosphate fertilizer. In order to explore synergistic phosphate fertilizer effects on soil nutrient and microbial in wheat (Triticum aestivum), four treatments were designed-CK: nitrogen fertilizer (containing N 306.14 kg/hm(2)), potassium fertilizer (containing K2O 116.67 kg/hm(2)), conventional phosphate fertilizer (containing P2O5 333.35 kg/hm(2)); T1: synergic phosphate fertilizer (containing P2O5 249.99 kg/hm(2)); T2: synergic phosphate fertilizer (containing P2O5 166.67 kg/hm(2)); and T3: synergic phosphate fertilizer (containing P2O5 83.32 kg/hm(2)). The application amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in T1, T2, and T3 was the same as that in CK. The soil nutrient concentration of different treatments was analyzed, and the microbial diversity of different treatments was analyzed by Illumina MISEP high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the T2 treatment performed the best. In 2020, the pH of T2 was 1.87% lower than that of CK, and the contents of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were 5.8%, 11.44%, and 9.91% higher than CK, respectively. In 2021, the pH of T2 was 1.64% lower than that of CK, and the contents of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were 1.06%, 7.89%, and 16.53% higher than CK, respectively. In addition, the application of synergistic phosphate fertilizer could improve the richness, diversity, and evenness of microorganisms in soil.