Multi-stage collaborative planning of electricity-hydrogen-transportation coupling network considering carbon emission reduction

With the advancement of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and energy conversion technology, the interconnection between transportation networks and energy networks is further enhanced. In the long term, a singular planning scheme is insufficient to address the impact of future policy changes and related technological advancements. This article introduces a collaborative planning model with multiple stages for the electricity -hydrogentransportation coupling network, aiming to fulfill the escalating load demand while mitigating system carbon emissions. The proposed model entails investment decisions regarding diverse facilities, encompassing hydrogen pipelines, hydrogen refueling stations, hydrogen storage devices, power -to -hydrogen devices, and renewable energy generation. By orchestrating the hydrogen, electric, and transportation networks, this model maximizes the synergistic effects of multiple networks, enhancing operational flexibility and optimizing investment efficiency. An interconnected system comprising a 14 -node electric network, a 7 -node hydrogen network, and a 13node transportation network effectively validates the efficacy of the proposed model. In comparison to the singlestage planning and uncoordinated model, the proposed approach achieves a 23.18 % reduction in the total cost of the test system and effectively curtails carbon emissions.