High-efficiency of Peanut Shell Biosorbents in Cationic Dye Removal for Water Pollution Treatment

One of the most serious environmental issues in emerging nations is the widespread use of organic dyes in textile production. This study investigates the adsorption of Acid Fuchsin (AF) dye on the peanut shells (PS) surface. The PS material was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) studies, which identified fibrous cellulose compounds that allow an understanding of the mechanism and the interactions between the surface functions and solution ions. Multiple adsorption parameters, such as pH, temperature, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics, were analyzed. As per the results, the adsorption of AF onto the PS surface followed the pseudo-second-order with Langmuir isotherm models and an adsorption capacity of 111.11 mg g-1. These findings reveal that the interactions in the biomaterials surface are monolayer. The thermodynamic study revealed the exothermic and non-spontaneous nature of the retention process of AF dye molecules on the PS surface with reduced randomness as indicated by the energies Delta G degrees, Delta H degrees, and Delta S degrees. Moreover, it demonstrates that PS adsorbent effectively eliminates cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. In addition, the dye (AF) adsorption using this material presents an ecologically advantageous aspect for the treatment of water contaminated by textile dyes.