A comparison between Boston brace and European braces in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients: a systematic review based on the standardised Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) inclusion criteria for brace treatment

Purpose To compare the Boston brace and European braces using a standardised Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) inclusion criteria for brace treatment as well as consensus recommendations for treatment outcome. Methods This was a systematic review that was carried out using MeSH terminology in our search protocol in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov and Web of Science database between 1976 and 29th of Jan 2023. All studies that were included in this review had applied fully/partially the SRS inclusion criteria for brace wear. Outcome measures were divided into primary and secondary outcome measures. Results 3830 literatures were found in which 176 literatures were deemed relevant to the study once duplicates were removed and titles and abstracts were screened. Of these literatures, only 15 had fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. 8 of the studies were Level IV studies, 5 were Level III studies and 2 studies were Level I studies (1 prospective randomised controlled trial (RCT) and 1 Quasi-RCT). The percentage of patients who avoided surgery for European braces ranged from 88 to 100%, whereas for Boston brace ranged from 70 to 94%. When treatment success was assessed based on the final Cobb angle > 45 degrees, approximately 15% of patients treated with European braces had treatment failure. In contrast, 20-63% of patients treated with Boston brace had curves > 45 degrees at skeletal maturity. The BrAIST study used a cut-off point of 50 degrees to define failure of treatment and the rate of treatment failure was 28%. Curve correction was not achieved in most patients (24-51% of patients) who were treated with the Cheneau brace and its derivatives. However, none of the patients treated with Boston brace achieved curve correction. Conclusion Boston brace and European braces were effective in the prevention of surgery. In addition, curve stabilisation was achieved in most studies. Limitation in current literature included lack of studies providing high level of evidence and lack of standardisation in terms of compliance to brace as well as multidisciplinary management of brace wear.