Seasonality of reproduction in an ever-wet lowland tropical forest in Amazonian Ecuador

被引:7
|
作者
Garwood, Nancy C. [1 ]
Metz, Margaret R. [2 ]
Queenborough, Simon A. [3 ,4 ]
Persson, Viveca [5 ,6 ]
Wright, S. Joseph [7 ]
Burslem, David F. R. P. [5 ]
Zambrano, Milton [4 ]
Valencia, Renato [4 ]
机构
[1] Southern Illinois Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Life Sci 2, Carbondale, IL USA
[2] Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97219 USA
[3] Yale Univ, Yale Sch Environm, New Haven, CT USA
[4] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Ciencias Biol, Lab Ecol Plantas, Quito, Ecuador
[5] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland
[6] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Bot, London, England
[7] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama
基金
美国国家科学基金会; 英国自然环境研究理事会; 美国安德鲁·梅隆基金会;
关键词
daylength; flowering; fruit development; Neotropical; phenology; rainfall; seasonality; seed dispersal; solar irradiance; synchrony; tropical forest; Yasuni National Park; FRUITING PHENOLOGY; CLIMATIC DRIVERS; SOLAR-RADIATION; RUBBER TREE; PATTERNS; PROXIMATE; RAINFALL; CONSEQUENCES; VARIABILITY; INDUCTION;
D O I
10.1002/ecy.4133
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Flowering and fruiting phenology have been infrequently studied in the ever-wet hyperdiverse lowland forests of northwestern equatorial Amazonia. These Neotropical forests are typically called aseasonal with reference to climate because they are ever-wet, and it is often assumed they are also aseasonal with respect to phenology. The physiological limits to plant reproduction imposed by water and light availability are difficult to disentangle in seasonal forests because these variables are often temporally correlated, and both are rarely studied together, challenging our understanding of their relative importance as drivers of reproduction. Here we report on the first long-term study (18 years) of flowering and fruiting phenology in a diverse equatorial forest, Yasuni in eastern Ecuador, and the first to include a full suite of on-site monthly climate data. Using twice monthly censuses of 200 traps and >1000 species, we determined whether reproduction at Yasuni is seasonal at the community and species levels and analyzed the relationships between environmental variables and phenology. We also tested the hypothesis that seasonality in phenology, if present, is driven primarily by irradiance. Both the community- and species-level measures demonstrated strong reproductive seasonality at Yasuni. Flowering peaked in September-November and fruiting peaked in March-April, with a strong annual signal for both phenophases. Irradiance and rainfall were also highly seasonal, even though no month on average experienced drought (a month with <100 mm rainfall). Flowering was positively correlated with current or near-current irradiance, supporting our hypothesis that the extra energy available during the period of peak irradiance drives the seasonality of flowering at Yasuni. As Yasuni is representative of lowland ever-wet equatorial forests of northwestern Amazonia, we expect that reproductive phenology will be strongly seasonal throughout this region.
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页数:15
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