Contract-Theory-Based Secure Spectrum Sharing Framework in Internet of Vehicles

Internet of vehicles (IoV) enables a large number of applications for consumers by integrating massive electronics, which aggravates the spectrum scarcity and data security, and degrades the quality of services (QoS) and experiences of consumers obviously. Focusing on enhancing the security and improving spectrum utilization, this article proposes a contract-theory-based secure spectrum sharing framework, which adopts the consortium blockchain to guarantee security of spectrum sharing and utilizes the practical Byzantine fault tolerant consensus algorithm to achieve consensus in IoV. Smart contracts are then formed based on insurance contracts to promote primary users to share their idle spectrum resources. A preference-based spectrum allocation algorithm is designed to maximize the total utility of secondary users (SUs). Simulation results show that, compared with the existing schemes, the proposed scheme achieves better performance in terms of the utility of SUs and the spectrum utilization greatly, which provides more access opportunities to consumers in IoV.