Regularity Results on the Flow Maps of Periodic Dispersive Burgers Type Equations and the Gravity-Capillary Equations

In the first part of this paper we prove that the flow associated to a dispersive Burgers equation with a non local term of the form |D|(alpha-1) partial derivative(x)u, alpha is an element of [1, +infinity[ is Lipschitz from bounded sets of H-0(s) (T; R) to C-0([0, T], H (s-(2-alpha)+)(0) (T; R)) for T > 0 and s > [ (alpha)/(alpha 2)] (1)/(2), where H-s (0) alpha-1are the Sobolev spaces of functions with 0 mean value, proving that the result obtained in Said (A geometric proof of the quasi-linearity of the water-waves system and the incompressible Euler equations) is optimal on the torus. The proof relies on a paradifferential generalization of a complex Cole-Hopf gauge transformation introduced by Tao (J Hyperbol Differ Equ 1:27-49, 2004) for the Benjamin-Ono equation. For this we prove a generalization of the Baker-Campbell- Hausdorff formula for flows of hyperbolic paradifferential equations and prove the stability of the class of paradifferential operators modulo more regular remainders, under conjugation by such flows. For this we prove a new characterization of paradif-ferential operators in the spirit of Beals (Duke Math J 44:45-57, 1977). In the second part of this paper we use a paradifferential version of the previous method to prove that a re-normalization of the flow of the one dimensional periodic gravity-capillary equation is Lipschitz from bounded sets of H-s to C-0([0, T], H-2(s- 1/) ) for T > 0 and s > 3 + 10px(1)/(2) This proves that the result obtained in Said (A geometric proof of the quasi-linearity of the water-waves system and the incompressible Euler equations) is optimal for the water waves system.