RESEARCH ON SOIL MOISTURE DETECTION AND REMOTE PRECISION IRRIGATION OF SEEDLINGS BASED ON INTERNET OF THINGS

Smart agriculture, which combines the Internet of Things (IoT) with agriculture, is the future of agricultural development. In China, manual irrigation is currently the dominant method for seedling irrigation management, but it is inefficient and can lead to water waste. To improve seedling quality and output, reduce labor costs, and conserve water resources, this paper presents a design for an IoT system that uses soil moisture detection and remote precision irrigation for seedlings. The system includes a STC12C5A60S2 microcontroller, an ESP8266-01S communication module, a PRISON PR-3000-ECTH-N01 soil temperature and humidity module, and a 12V water pump. The system is connected to the OneNET platform via the MQTT protocol of the Wi-Fi module and includes software modules for data processing, Wi-Fi communication, and relay control. The OneNET platform allows users to monitor and record real-time temperature and humidity data and switch between automatic and manual modes and seedling threshold types. The system was tested for 24 hours and collected 28,000 temperature and humidity data points every 3 seconds with a packet loss rate of less than 5%. The results show that the system is stable and reliable.