SCOPE: Smart Cooperative Parking Environment

The shortage of parking spaces in metropolitan cities has become a significant challenge, leading to wasted time, money, traffic congestion, and environmental pollution. While smart parking solutions offer potential relief, existing systems often struggle with integration and coordination issues in the complex smart city ecosystem. In response, this paper introduces SCOPE, a cooperative distributed system architecture and interaction model that facilitates the management of parking spaces in a smart city through coordination and autonomous interactions. The system leverages an overlay network, a hierarchical and spatial structure of coordination nodes, and an integration layer to organize traffic and communication among facilities. By incorporating a sharing economy business model, SCOPE maximizes parking resource usage, merges public and private parking resources, and provides economic opportunities for private parking owners. The evaluation results demonstrate that SCOPE significantly reduces search time, traffic, cost, and air pollution while improving driver satisfaction. This novel approach presents a comprehensive solution to the challenges of smart parking management in metropolitan cities, paving the way for more efficient, sustainable, and economically viable urban environments.