Water rights trading planning and its application in water resources management: A water-ecology-food nexus perspective

Nexus approach provides an effective perspective for implementing synergetic management of water resources. In this study, an interval two -stage chance -constrained water rights trading planning model under water -ecologyfood nexus perspective (ITCWR-WEF) is proposed to analyze the interaction between water trading and waterecology -food (WEF) nexus, which fills in the water resources management gaps from a novel nexus perspective. ITCWR-WEF incorporates hydrological simulation with soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), water rights configuration with interval two -stage chance -constrained programming (ITCP), and multi -criterion analysis with Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The developed ITCWR-WEF is applied to a real case of Daguhe watershed, which has characteristics of water scarcity, food producing areas and fragile ecosystem. Initial water rights allocation is addressed before the trading. Mechanisms analysis is designed to reveal mutual effect of water rights trading and WEF nexus. Optimal water management scenario is identified through multi -criterion analysis. Results reveal that the mechanism of water rights trading with WEF nexus under low constraint -violation risk level of water availability and environment capacity is recommended to promote the rational water resources allocation to balance the economic goals, water environment and water supply security, as well as ecological and food water demand guarantees.