Frequency spectrum characteristics of blast-induced vibration with electronic detonators in ground blasting

With the wide application of electronic detonators in blasting engineering, further study of frequency spectrum characteristics under precise delay time is essential for blasting design and safety evaluation. In this paper, the frequency spectra induced by blasting vibration under different delay times and distances are calculated, the frequency distribution and energy characteristics of various frequency bands are then investigated, and the demonstration is conducted using numerical simulation and electronic detonator blasting experiments. The results show that the low-frequency vibration proportion increases, and the dominant frequency shifts to a lower frequency compared with the vibration frequency distribution of single-hole blasting when using a very short delay time (& LE;5 ms). However, when a short delay time (6-12 ms) is used, the low frequency shift to high frequency, reducing the energy ratio of low-frequency bands. And there are certain differences in the delay time to reduce PPV at different blasting center distances. A shorter delay time (6-8 ms) in the nearer region and a longer delay time (10-20 ms) in the intermediate and farther regions better reduce blasting vibration. Finally, considering multiple influencing factors, the 7-12 ms delay time is recommended to protect structures in the blasting area factors.