Current Research on Molecular Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer in Stool Samples

Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious health problem, becoming the third most prevalent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Early diagnosis is crucial as the patients have a high survival rate if the disease is detected in time. However, current CRC screening methods are either invasive or lack sensitivity and specificity, demonstrating the need to identify new ways to detect this disease. In this context, several studies have looked at small molecules present in biological fluids that can inform about the presence of tumors. Of all the biological fluids that can be analyzed, feces probably represent the fluid with the best access, as it is obtained non-invasively and has direct contact with the intestinal mucosa. This review summarizes and discusses recent advancements in the identification of potential new markers for CRC, with a focus on fecal samples.Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide, with a high incidence and mortality rate when diagnosed late. Currently, the methods used in healthcare to diagnose CRC are the fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. However, the lack of sensitivity and specificity and low population adherence are driving the need to implement other technologies that can identify biomarkers that not only help with early CRC detection but allow for the selection of more personalized treatment options. In this regard, the implementation of omics technologies, which can screen large pools of biological molecules, coupled with molecular validation, stands out as a promising tool for the discovery of new biomarkers from biopsied tissues or body fluids. This review delves into the current state of the art in the identification of novel CRC biomarkers that can distinguish cancerous tissue, specifically from fecal samples, as this could be the least invasive approach.