Spectral and Energy Efficiency Trade-Off in UAV-Based Olive Irrigation Systems

被引:3
|
作者
Massaoudi, Ayman [1 ,2 ]
Berguiga, Abdelwahed [1 ,2 ]
Harchay, Ahlem [1 ,2 ]
Ben Ayed, Mossaad [3 ,4 ]
Belmabrouk, Hafedh [5 ]
机构
[1] Jouf Univ, Coll Sci & Arts Qurayyat, Dept Comp Sci, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
[2] Jouf Univ, Hlth Sci Res Unit, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
[3] Sousse Univ, Dept Elect Ind, ENISo, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
[4] Sfax Univ, Comp & Embedded Syst Lab, ENIS, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
[5] Majmaah Univ, Coll Sci Zulfi, Dept Phys, Al Majmaah 11932, Saudi Arabia
来源
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL | 2023年 / 13卷 / 19期
关键词
precision agriculture; irrigation; olive; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs); remote sensing; massive MIMO; spectral efficiency; energy efficiency; 6G;
D O I
10.3390/app131910739
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Precision agriculture, also referred to as smart farming, is one of the main pillars of modern society to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precision agriculture aims to improve the quality and quantity of production while conserving scarce natural resources. Smart farming has grown in recent years thanks to the adoption of modern technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT). In this work, we consider an irrigation system for olive orchards based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Specifically, UAVs ensure remote sensing (RS), which offers the advantage of collecting vital information on a large temporal and spatial scale (which cannot be achieved with traditional technologies). However, UAV-based irrigation systems face tremendous challenges due to the various requirements of a powerful computing ability, battery capacity, energy efficiency, and spectral efficiency for different connected devices. This paper addresses the energy efficiency and spectral efficiency trade-off problem of UAV-based irrigation systems. We propose to adopt massive multiple input, multiple output (M-MIMO) technology to ensure wireless communication. In fact, this technology plays a significant role in future sixth-generation (6G) wireless mobile networks and has the potential to enhance the energy efficiency as well as the spectral efficiency. We design a network model with a three-layered architecture and analytically compute the achievable spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency of the studied system. Then, we numerically determine the optimal number of ground base station antennas as well as the optimal number of IoT devices that should be used to ensure the maximum energy efficiency while guaranteeing a high spectral efficiency. The numerical results prove that the proposed UAV-based irrigation system outperforms conventional systems and demonstrate that the best spectral and energy efficiency trade-off is obtained by using the M-MMSE combiner.
引用
收藏
页数:15
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