Material point method modeling in 3D of the failure and run-out processes of the Daguangbao landslide

In this work, the massive landslide of Daguangbao was modeled in 3D using the material point method (MPM). The paper focuses on modeling the failure, the run-out, and the final deposition of the failed mass in 3D. The numerical model considers in detail the distribution of materials within the domain. The materials were modeled as elastoplastic with an exponential strain-softening law. In addition, a frictional law was considered for the mass and topography interaction. The results obtained in this work show a good coincidence with the reported data in terms of kinetic energy released, failure mechanism, the final configuration of topography on the characteristic section, affected area by the event, and the formation of a nearly vertical wall in the region of the Daguangbao mountain area. Additionally, the 3D model allowed us to estimate the region affected by the event and understand the possible movement of the mass during the filling process of the Huangdongzi Valley. The analysis of the material deposited along the valley allowed the establishment of zones of potential variation of porosities, an essential characteristic given the formation of the natural dam over the Huangdongzi Valley.