Determination of sedimentation rates and life of Kodaikanal Lake, South India, using radiometric dating (210Pb and 137Cs) techniques

A study describes the use of natural (Pb-210) and anthropogenic (Cs-137) radiometric dating techniques to determine sedimentation rates and age of Kodaikanal Lake. The core sediment from 46 cm was collected and analyzed for Pb-210 and Cs-137 using an Alpha spectrometer 7200-04 and a Gamma-ray spectrometer GC-3520. Bathymetry studies aided in selecting a representative sample location and measuring the lake's underwater depth, with maximum and mean depths of 11 and 3.38 m, respectively. The maximum and minimum dry bulk density ranged from 0.57 to 1.05 g/cm(3) (mean of 0.73 g/cm(3)), and the weight percentage of porosity collected sediment sample ranged from 60.33 to 78.63 wt.% (mean of 72.32 wt.%). This study determined the sediment grain size and the percentages of sand, silt, and clay. The findings indicate that the core sediment samples contain 56.05 to 69.62 wt.% (mean of 63.21 wt.%) sand, 28.03 to 41.71 wt.% (mean of 34.55 wt.%) silt, and 1.81 to 3.98 wt.% (mean of 2.34 wt.%) clay. The 210Pb technique was used to assess a model of time changes in the deposit for geochronology studies in core sediments. The sedimentation rate depended on the consistent rate supply (CRS) of the Pb-210 model. The Pb-210 model was confirmed using Cs-137 radioactivity released into the global fallout after nuclear testing (1963) and the Chernobyl accident (1986). The depth concentration of Pb-210 ranged from 3.89 +/- 0.1 to 15.4 +/- 1.6 Bq/kg, with a mean of Pb-210 concentration is 7.23 +/- 0.86 Bq/ kg. The Cs-137 radioactivity varied from the upper and lower peaks that appeared clearly at depths of 16 and 29 cm, respectively, with successive phases of 18.68 +/- 1.36 and 22.04 +/- 1.4 Bq/kg. According to the CRS model, the mean sedimentation rate was 0.51 +/- 0.14 cm/year, and the core age was 86 years. The Cs-137 have likely been the mean sedimentation rate of 0.535 +/- 0.07 cm/year and 83 years. The evaluated life of Kodaikanal Lake as an average of Pb-210 and Cs-137 sedimentation rate since 1933 is about 650 +/- 24 years and 582.75 +/- 19 years.