高学历教师培养的学生成绩更优异吗?——理论争议、实证检验与政策启示

被引:15
作者
姚昊 [1 ]
马立超 [2 ]
机构
[1] 华东师范大学教育学部
[2] 清华大学教育研究院
关键词
教师学历; 学生成绩; PISA 2018; 教育质量; 教育公平; 教师资源配置;
D O I
10.13966/j.cnki.kfjyyj.2022.02.008
中图分类号
G451 [教师];
学科分类号
04 ; 0401 ;
摘要
增加高学历教师供给是新时代促进义务教育优质均衡和高质量发展的新型政策工具。当前国际学术界对教师学历与学生成绩之间关系的研究存在“积极影响”和“无影响”两种观点,前者以人力资本理论、生源筛选分层理论和师生匹配理论为支撑,后者则浮现出教师学历与教学需求不匹配、低学段高学历教师知识溢出、高学历教师缺乏教学经验以及高学历教师教学投入不足四种解释。本研究基于PISA 2018中国四省市数据,采用多层线性模型、PSM稳健性检验和分样本多层线性回归探究教师学历对学生成绩的影响。结果发现,控制学生家庭背景和个体认知水平后,提升教师学历有助于提高学生成绩,倾向得分匹配检验表明结果稳健,且提升教师学历对乡镇学生、弱势家庭学生、大班额学校学生成绩的提升效益更高。针对我国教师学历水平偏低、高学历教师空间分布失衡以及弱势家庭学生接受高学历教师授课的机会缺失等问题,本研究建议通过激活“增量”和优化“存量”扩大高学历教师资源供给,促进学生学业成绩的结果公平,实现更公平更高质量的师资配置。
引用
收藏
页码:73 / 84
页数:12
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